Genetic markers in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer

• Alexander S. Ametov
• Tatyana I. Depyui
• Pozdnyakova N.V.
• Chemekova A.R.

AbstractThe problem of differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer remains relevant in connection with the prevalence of asymptomatic nodular thyroid formations and the absence of methods for their non-invasive differential diagnosis. In connection with the urgency of the topic, in the near future, one can expect an increase in scientific research related to the study of associated genes, mutations, and other markers of clinical significance in the diagnosis and personalization of therapy in patients with malignanttumors. This article presents the possibilities of various modern molecular genetic studies in the diagnosis of malignant tumorigenic thyroid tumors.

Keywords:thyroid gland, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, thyroid cancer diagnosis, genetic studies, molecular genetic studies, genetic panels, genetic markers of thyroid cancer, gene expression, microRNA, RAS mutations, RAS/MAPK multicomponent cascade (Ras-Raf-MAP kinase pathway), intracellular and secreted (exosomal) fraction of small regulatory RNAs

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