Glycemic index in the management and control of diabetes mellitus

• Natalya A. Chernikova
• Knyshenko Olga A.

Abstract

Nutrition is one of the main blocks in the foundation of diabetes management, along with weight loss, regular physical activity and drug therapy. Today we have a large variety in the choice of dietary strategies. There are non-significant or marginal differences in weight loss across a range of approaches including low-fat, low-carbohydrate, high-protein and high monounsaturated fat diets, in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, for reducing body weight in T2D, the choice of a dietary strategy will be determined more by comorbid diseases and patient preferences, and to achieve a favorable metabolic effect and to obtain the desired control in the management of diabetes mellitus, diets with an average proportion of carbohydrates and a low glycemic index should be preferred. Regarding the prevention of the development of T2D complications (especially macrovascular), diets with a low glycemic index also play a significant role: reducing the levels of uric acid and triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins has a protective cardiovascular effect.

Keywords:glycemic index, glycemic control, type 2 diabetes, nutrition

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