Diabetes insipidus: disease at the junction of specialties

• Leonid Yu. Morgunov

Abstract

The most common causes of diabetes insipidus are neurosurgical operations on the pituitary gland due to its damage to benign and malignant tumors, neoplasms themselves, lymphocytic hypophysitis. Much less is known about the development of metastatic lesions of the pituitary gland by primary tumors of the lung, breast and kidneys. Even less common is diabetes insipidus caused by leukemia, lymphoma, xanthogranulomas, germinomas, HIV infection, pituitary hemorrhage, drug-induced, combined with neurofibromatosis, as well as diabetes insipidus during pregnancy. The review describes the predictors of the development of diabetes insipidus during surgical interventions, the frequency of development and prognosis in various neurosurgical operations. The experience of the timely detection and treatment of diabetes insipidus in various clinics around the world, including various types of neurosurgical interventions, is described. Particular attention is paid to the metastasis of tumors of various sites in the pituitary gland, from the most common to rare forms. The issues of concomitant neurological symptoms of diabetes insipidus are considered. Described cases of drug-induced diabetes insipidus, as well as arising in different periods of pregnancy. The article focuses physicians of various specialties on timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diabetes insipidus, including its atypical forms.

Keywords:diabetes insipidus, tumor, metastasis, post-operative

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