Obesity: epidemiological, social and economic aspects, prevention

• Andrey F. Verbovoy
• Lyudmila A. Sharonova

Abstract

The article discusses the problem of obesity is discussed. The authors analyze the epidemiology of the disease, the role in developing of obesity of such social and economic factors as the nature of food and disturbance of a feeding behavior, physical activity, dream duration, income level, marital status, ethnic origin. The issues of prevention of obesity are discussed at the different levels: state, in the family, educational and treatment and prevention facilities.

Keywords:obesity, excess weight, epidemiology, risk factors, prevention

References

1. Garvey W., Garber A.J., Mechanick J.I., Bray G.A., et ai. American association of ciinicai endocrinoiogists and American coiiege of endo-crinoiogy position statement on the 2014 advanced framework for a new diagnosis of obesity as a chronic disease. Endocr Pract. 2014; 20 (9): 977-89.

2. Worid Heaith Organization. Obesity and Overweight. Factsheet. WHO Media Centre. URL: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/ detaii/obesity-and-overweight

3. NCD Risk Factor Coiiaboration (NCD-RisC). Trends in aduit body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooied anaiysis of 1698 popuiation-based measurement studies with 19-2 miiiion participants. Lancet. 2016; 387 (10 026): 1377-96.

4. Worid Heaith Organization. Giobai Heaith Risks: Mortaiity and Burden of Disease Attributabie to Seiected Major Risks, 2009. URL: http:// www.who.int/heaithinfo/giobai_burden_disease/giobai_heaith_risks/ en/index.htmi

5. Eckei N., Li Y., Kuxhaus O., et ai. Transition from metaboiic heaithy to unheaithy phenotypes and association with cardiovascuiar disease risk across BMI categories in 90 257 women (the Nurses' Heaith Study): 30 year foiiow-up from a prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinoi. 2018; 6 (9): 714-24.

6. Kerr J., Anderson C., Lippman S.M. Physicai activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and cancer: an update and emerging new evidence. Lancet Oncoi. 2017; 18 (8): e457-71.

7. Fiegai K.M., Kit B.K., Orpana H., et ai. Association of aii-cause mortaiity with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-anaiysis. JAMA. 2013; 309 (1): 71-82.

8. Baianova Yu. A., Shai'nova S. A., Deev A. D., et ai. on behaif of participants of a research ESSE-RF. Obesity in the Russian popuiation - preva-ience and associations with risk factors of chronic noninfectious diseases. Rossiyskiy kardioiogicheskiy zhurnai [Russian Journai of Cardioiogy]. 2018; 23 (6): 123-30. (in Russian)

9. Theodoro H., Rodrigues A.D., Mendes K.G., et ai. Reproductive characteristics and obesity in middie-aged women seen at an outpatient ciinic in southern Brazii. Menopause. 2012; 19 (9): 1022-8.

10. Mendes K.G., Theodoro H., Rodrigues A.D., Oiinto M.T.A. Preva-ience of metaboiic syndrome and its components in the menopausai transition: a systematic review. Cad Saude Pubiica. 2012; 28 (8): 1423-37.

11. Lovejoy J. Weight gain in women at midiife: the influence of menopause. Obes Manag. 2009; 10: 52-6.

12. Pradhan A.D. Sex differences in the metaboiic syndrome: impiica-tions for cardiovascuiar heaith in women. Ciin Chem. 2014; 60 (1): 44-52.

13. Riediger N.D., Ciara I. Prevaience of metaboiic syndrome in the Canadian aduit popuiation. Can Med Assoc J. 2011; 183 (15): E1127-34.

14. Da S., Linhares R., Horta B.L., et ai. Distribution of generai and abdominai obesity in aduits in a city in southern Brazii. Cad Saude Pubiica. 2012; 28 (3): 438-47.

15. Aives R.F.S., Faerstein E. Educationai in equaiity in the occurrence of abdominai obesity according to gender and coior/race: the Pro-Heaith Study, 1999-2001 and 2011-2012. Cad Saude Pubiica. 2016; 32 (2): e00077415.

16. Mead E., Batterham A.M., Atkinson G., Eiis L.J. Predicting future weight status from measurements made in eariy chiidhood: a novei iongi-tudinai approach appiied to Miiiennium Cohort Study data. Nutr Diabetes. 2016; 6: e200.

17. Ward Z.J., Long M.W., Resch S.C., et ai. Simuiation of growth trajectories of chiidhood obesity into aduithood. N Engi J Med. 2017; 377 (22): 2145-53.

18. Federai Ciinicai Recommendations (Protocois) about Maintaining Chiidren with Endocrine Diseases. In: I.I. Dedov, V.A. Peterkova (eds). Moscow: Praktika, 2014: 442 р. (in Russian)

19. Ogden C.L., Carroii M.D., Kit B.K., Fiegai K.M. Prevaience of chiidhood and aduit obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014; 311 (8): 806-14.

20. Kuprienko N.B., Smirnova N.N. Prevaience of excess body weight and obesity at chiidren of schooi age of St Petersburg. Profiiakticheskaya i kiinicheskaya meditsina [Preventive and Ciinicai Medicine]. 2018; 2 (67): 23-30. (in Russian)

21. Tutei'yan V.L., Baturin A.K., Kon' I.Ya. et ai. Prevaience of obesity and excess body weight among the chiidren's popuiation of the Russian Federation: muiticenter research. Pediatriya. Zhurnai im. G.N. Speranskogo [Pediatrics Journai named after G.N. Speransky]. 2014; 93 (5): 28-31. (in Russian)

22. Namazova-Baranova L.S., Eietskaya K.A., Kaytukova E.V., Makarova S.G. Assessment of physicai deveiopment of chiidren of an average and advanced schooi age: anaiysis of resuits of a one-stage research. Pe-diatricheskaya farmakologiya [Pediatric Pharmacology]. 2018; 15 (4): 333-42. (in Russian)

23. Ongoeva B.A., Alymbaev E.Sh., Kozhonazarova G.K., Karasheva N.T. Risk factors of formation of a metabolic syndrome at children. Byulleten' nauki i praktiki [Bulletin of Science and Practice]. 2018; 4 (11): 101-9. (in Russian)

24. Tarantsova A.V. Unhealthy food of youth - risk factor of chronic noninfectious diseases of the nation. Evraziyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal [Eurasian Heart Journal]. 2016; (3): 107. (in Russian)

25. Kazhina M.V. Pregnancy against the background of obesity: debut of a metabolic syndrome of mother and programming of a metabolic syndrome of foetus. Okhrana materinstva i detstva [Protection of Motherhood and Childhood]. 2018; 1 (31): 17-22. (in Russian)

26. Perez-Morales M.E., Bacardi-Gascon M., Jimenez-Cruz A. Childhood overweight and obesity prevention interventions among Hispanic children in the United States: systematic review. Nutr Hosp. 2012; 27 (5): 1415-21.

27. Smetanina S.A., Suplotova L.A., Khramova E.B., Girsh Ya.V. Obesity at mother and metabolic violations at posterity: potential impacts. Byulleten' sibirskoy meditsiny [Bulletin of Siberian Medicine]. 2018; 7 (2): 93-9. (in Russian)

28. Simanenkov V.I., Tikhonov S.V., Il'yashevich I.G., et al. Epidemiology, social aspects and pathogenesis of obesity. Vestnik Severo-Zapad-novgo gosudarstvennovo meditsinskogo universiteta [Vestnik of the NorthWest State Medical University]. 2017; 9 (1): 21-7. (in Russian)

29. Levchuk L.V. Health, macro- and mikronutriyentny security of children of preschool and younger school age. Prevention of alimentary and dependent diseases: Diss. Ekaterinburg, 2018: 295 p. (in Russian)

30. Muromtseva G.A., Kontsevaya A.V., Konstantinov V.V., et al. Prevalence of risk factors of noninfectious diseases in the Russian population in 2012-2013. Results of the research ESSE-RF. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika [Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention]. 2014; 13 (6): 4-11. (in Russian)

31. Sports Russia: Quicker, Above, Stronger! Press Release VTslOM No. 3746. 28 August 2018. URL: https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid= 9272

32. Vinichenko S.N., Perevoshchikova N.K., Drakina S.A., Chernykh N.S. Role of family in formation of a healthy lifestyle of children preschool age. Mat' i ditya v Kuzbasse [Mother and Child in Kuzbass]. 2017; 4 (71): 20-5. (in Russian)

33. Gavryushin M.Yu., Sazonova O.V., Gorbachev D.O., Frolova O.V. Hygienic assessment of the food status of different groups of the population using hardware methods of diagnostics. Aspirantskiy vestnik Privolzh'ya [Postgraduate Student's Bulletin of the Volga Region]. 2018; (1-2): 33-8. (in Russian)

34. Sommer I., Griebler U., Mahlknecht P., et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in non-communicable diseases and their risk factors: an overview of systematic reviews. BMC Public Health. 2015; 15: 914-26.

35. Hosseinpoor A.R., Parker L.A., d'Espaignet E.T., Chatterji S. Socioeconomic inequality in smoking in low-income and middle-income countries: results from the World Health Survey. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (8): e42843.

36. Beltran-Sanchez H., Harhay M.O., Harhay M.M., McElligott S. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome in the adult U.S. population, 1999-2010. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 62 (8): 697-703.

37. Gutierrez-Fisac J.L., Guallar-Castillon P., Leon-Munoz L.M., et al. Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, 2008-2010: the ENRICA study. Obes Rev. 2012; 13 (4): 388-92.

38. Schienkiewitz A., Mensink G.B.M., Scheidt-Nave C. Comorbidity of overweight and obesity in a nationally representative sample of German adults aged 18-79 years. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12: 658.

39. Sardinha L.B., Santos D.A., Silva A.M., et al. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity in a representative sample of Portuguese adults. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (10): e47883.

40. Barquera S., Campos-Nonato I., Hernandez-Barrera L., et al. Prevalence of obesity in Mexican adults 2000-2012. Salud Publica Mex. 2013; 55 (suppl 2): S151-60.

41. Misra A., Shrivastava U. Obesity and dyslipidemia in South Asians. Nutrients. 2013; 5 (7): 2708-33.

42. Du T., Sun X., Yin P., et al. Secular trends in the prevalence of low risk factor burden for cardiovascular disease according to obesity status among Chinese adults, 1993-2009. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 961.

43. Chukwuonye I.I.,Chuku A., Onyeonoro U.U., et al. Prevalence of abdominal obesity in Abia State, Nigeria: results of a population-based house-to-house survey. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2013; 6: 285-91.

44. Lifschitz C. Early life factors influencing the risk of obesity. Pe-diatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2015; 18 (4): 217-23.

45. Zhernakova Yu.V.,. Zheleznova E.A, Chazova I.E., et al.; on behalf of participants of a research. Prevalence of abdominal obesity in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation and its communication with the social and economic status, results of an epidemiological research ESSE-RF. Tera-pevticheskiy arkhiv [Therapeutic Archive]. 2018; (10): 14-22. (in Russian)

46. Ganusenkova M.I., Aseeva A.A., Nelidova A.S., et al. Medico-social aspects of abdominal obesity at visitors of shopping centers of Tver. Tver-skoy meditsinskiy zhurnal [Tver Medical Journal]. 2017; (3): 81-3. (in Russian)

47. Belen'kaya L.V. Criteria of obesity in Asian population. Review of literature. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2018; 3 (3): 99-102. (in Russian)

48. World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific. The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and its Treatment. Sydney: Health Communications Australia, 2000. URL: http://www.who. int/iris/handle/10665/206936

49. Examination Committee of Criteria for "Obesity Disease" in Japan; Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for "obesity disease" in Japan. Circ J. 2002; 66 (11): 987-92.

50. Markova T.N., Kichigin V.A., Madyanov I.V., et al. Hormonal and metabolic aspects of formation of obesity and metabolic syndrome in ethnic groups (on the example of population of the Chuvash Republic). Terapevticheskiy arkhiv [Therapeutic Archive]. 2014; 86 (5): 73-7. (in Russian)

51. Labbe S.M., Caron A., Bakan I., et al. In vivo measurement of energy substrate contribution to cold induced brown adipose tissue thermo genesis. FASEB J. 2015; 29: 2046-58.

52. Bondareva E.A. Influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on development of obesity. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya XXIII. Antropologiya [Bulletin of Moscow University. Series XXIII. Anthropology]. 2016; (4): 27-36. (in Russian)

53. Orozco-Solis R., Sassone-Corsi P. Epigenetic control and the circadian clock: linking metabolism to neuronal responses. Neuroscience. 2014; 264: 76-87.

54. Klimova T.M., Fedorova V.I., Baltakhinova M.E., et al. Transformation of nature of food and population morbidity of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. Voprosy pitaniia [Problems of Nutrition]. 2015; 84 (S3): 117. (in Russian)

55. Dzherieva I.S., Volkova N.I., Rapoport S.I. Shift work as one of risk factors of development of arterial hypertension and metabolic violations.

Ratsional'naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii [Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology]. 2012; 8 (2): 185-9. (in Russian)

56. Bukhtiyarov I.V., Rubtsov M.Yu., Yushkova O.I. Professional stress as a result of replaceable work as risk factor of violation of health of workers. Analiz riska zdorov'yu [Health Risks Analysis]. 2016; (3): 110

21. (in Russian)

57. Hartley T.A., Fekedulegn D., Burchfiei C.M., et al. Health Disparities among Police Officers. Thomas Publisher, 2014; 21-35.

58. Burdelak W.B., Peplonska B., Bukowska A., Krysicka J. Rotating night shift work and health status among nurses and midwives. Occup Environ Med. 2013; 70: A14-5.

59. Ramin C., Devore E.E., Wang W., Pierre-Paul J., et al. Night shift work at specific age ranges and chronic disease risk factors. Occup Environ Med. 2015; 72: 100-7.

60. Drapkina O.M., Sidorina Yu.O., Ivashkin V.T. Dream duration role in development of a metabolic syndrome. Rossiyskie meditsinskie vesti [Russian Medical Lead]. 2014; 19 (1): 17-23. (in Russian)

61. Ametov A.S. Chosen Lectures on Endocrinology: 3rd ed., additional and revised. Moscow: MIA, 2016: 732 p. (in Russian)

62. Akhmadullina Kh.M., Akhmadullin U.Z., Kabirov T.R. Social and psychological determinants of addictive behavior. Vestnik VEGU [Bulletin of VEGU]. 2018. 2 (94): 15-26. (in Russian)

63. Leonova E.N. Social and psychological types of food behavior. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya: Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika[Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy]. 2017; 27 (2): 174-81. (in Russian)

64. Young-Hyman D., Davis C. Disordered eating behavior in individuals with diabetes: importance of context, evaluation, and classification. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33 (3): 683-9.

65. Allison K., et al. Night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder among persons seeking bariatric surgery: prevalence and related features. Obesity. 2006; 14 (suppl 2): 77-82.

66. Karaeva A.F., Polyashova A.S., Chamsutdinov N.U. The analysis of a way of life and risk factors of violations of food behavior in psychonutritional correction at persons with the excess body weight and obesity. Vestnik DGMA [Bulletin of DGMA]. 2018; 1 (26): 8-11. (in Russian)

67. Mitroshina E.V. Clinical laboratory features of the obesity demonstrating during the pubertal period at young men and men: Diss. Samara, 2011: 122 р. (in Russian)

68. Karaeva A.F., Polyashova A.S., Malaev Kh.M. Influence of features of food behavior and alimentary factors on formation of metabolic violations at various degrees of obesity taking into account gender distinctions. In: Materials of the Fifth Anniversary Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference of Volga Federal District "Topical Issues of Food of the Population". N. Novgorod, 2015: 24-7. (in Russian)

69. Aleksandrov A.A., Bubnova M.G., Kislyak O.A., et al. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases at children's and teenage age. Russian recommendations. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal [Russian Journal of Cardiology]. 2012; 98 (6 appl 1): 1-39. (in Russian)

70. Jensen J.D., Smed S. Cost-effective design of economic instruments in nutrition policy. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007; 4: 14-29.

71. Alimova I.L. Diagnostics, treatment and prevention of obesity at children. Smolenskiy meditsinskiy al'manakh [Smolensk Medical Almanac]. 2016; (3): 184-91. (in Russian)

72. Campos D., Hernandez-Torres J.J., Agil A., et al. Analysis of food advertising to children on Spanish television: probing exposure to television marketing. Arch Med Sci. 2016; 12 (4): 799-807.

73. Bakieva Ch.R., Druzhinina N.A., Nasibullina L.M., et al. Formation of skills of a healthy lifestyle at teenage girls with obesity. In: Materials of an Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference with the International Participation "Topical Issues of Pediatrics". Moscow, 2015: 6-10. (in Russian)

74. Doring N., Hansson L.M., Andersson E.S., et al. Primary prevention of childhood obesity through counseling sessions at Swedish child health centers: design, method sand baseline sample characteristics of the PRIMROSE cluster-randomised trial. BMC Public Health. 2014; 47: 335.

75. Candari C.J., Cylus J., Nolte E. Assessing the Economic Costs of Unhealthy Diets and Low Physical Activity. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2017.

76. Tret'yakov A.A., Kitanina K.Yu., Khadartsev A.A. Dependence of economic losses on unhealthy food (the short review of literature from 2000 to 2016). Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. Elektronnoe izdanie [Bulletin of New Medical Technologies. Electronic edition]. 2018; (5): 128-34. URL: http://medtsu.tula.ru/VNMT/Bulletin/E2018-5/ e2018-5.pdf (in Russian)

77. GBD 2015. Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016; 388: 1659-24.

78. Collins C., Patterson A., Fitzgerald D. Higher diet quality does not predict lower Medicare costs but does predict number of claims in mid-aged Australian women. Nutrients. 2011; 3: 40-8.

79. Rayner M., Scarborough P. The burden of food-related ill health in the UK. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005; 59: 1054-7.

80. Bahia L., Coutinho E.S., Barufaldi L.A., et al. The costs of overweight and obesity-related diseases in the Brazilian public health system: cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12: 440.

81. Onwudiwe N.C., Stuart B., Zuckerman I.H., Sorkin J.D. Obesity and medicare expenditure: accounting for age-related height loss. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011; 19 (1): 204-11.

82. Krysanova V.S., Zhuravleva M.V., Dralova O.V., et al. Problem of obesity and excess body weight in the Russian Federation and its phar-macoeconomic assessment. Al'manakh klinicheskoy meditsiny [Almanac of Clinical Medicine]. 2015; February (special issue 1): 36-41. (in Russian)

83. Petrova T.N., Kolesnikova E.N., Goncharov A.Yu., Chernov A.V. Clinical and Pathogenetic Features of the Development and Course of Obesity at Persons of Young Age. Voronezh: Iva, 2017: 88 p. (in Russian)

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)