Risk factors for the manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in the Volga regions

• Korneva Kseniya G.
• Leonid G. Strongin
• Almazova Arusyak M.
• Kolbasina Elena V.
• Budylina Marina V.
• Makeeva Natalya V.
• Zagainov Vladimir E.

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common endocrine pathology among children and young people. Preclinical diagnosis of T1DM has not been developed yet. The study of environmental factors that potentially trigger T1DM is of particular interest.

The aim of the study is to assess the effect of modern environmental factors in the development of T1DM based on a questionnaire survey of children with a family predisposition to T1DM in several Volga regions to determine the category of healthy siblings for further dynamic monitoring and therapeutic intervention at the preclinical stage.

Material and methods. The survey involved 447 children with T1DM and their healthy siblings. Of these, 66.4% of the children were from the Nizhny Novgorod region, 21% from the Republic of Chuvashia, 11% from the Republic of Mari El and 1.6% from the Ulyanovsk region. Potential environmental risk factors discussed in the modern literature have been included in the questionnaire.

Results and discussion. Stressful events were significantly more often registered in the group of children with T1D. The relative risk ratio gave evidence to a direct association between the stress experienced by the children and probability of the development of T1DM [1.41 (CI 95% 1.11-1.78); p<0.007]. The risk of developing T1DM increases with the poliomyelitis vaccine [1.07 (CI 95% 1.02-1.13); p<0.014].

Conclusion. Stressful situations in the family can trigger the manifestation of T1DM in individuals with a genetic predisposition. The effect of preventive vaccination on the development of T1DM requires further research in this area. Studying the influence of various environmental factors on the risk of developing T1DM allows us to determine a dynamic observation plan and select a priority group for therapeutic intervention at the preclinical and early clinical stages.

Keywords:type 1 diabetes mellitus, poliomyelitis vaccine, stress

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