Decade of pancreatic islet researches: contribution to understanding and treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2

• Alexander S. Ametov

Abstract

In both type I (autoimmune) and type II (obesity-associated) diabetes, overt diabetes with fasting hyperglycemia does not occur until the pancreatic cells are unable to secrete a sufficient amount of insulin to compensate for peripheral insulin resistance. This can result from pure cell loss, as in type I diabetes, pure cell dysfunction, as with some monogenic disorders affecting the cell, or both cell secretory dysfunction and cell loss, as in classic type II diabetes. Over several years, many technical and clinical strategies have been developed in order to better understand and treat diabetes. The most recent strategies are aimed at stimulation of cell proliferation and/or inhibition of cell susceptibility to death, manipulation of genetic or humoral factors involved in cell development and function, and triggering of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the insulin exocytosis process.

Keywords:diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin, pancreatic cells, therapy

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