Sleep disorders in obese patients

• Olga P. P'yanykh
• Daria D. Lebedeva
• Regina A. Karamullina

Abstract

In addition to the traditional risk factors for obesity and insulin resistance, sleep disorders play an important role. This review provides data on the bidirectional relationship between various sleep disorders and metabolic disorders, according to the results of numerous studies. The effect of changes in sleep duration, circadian shifts, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and insomnia on the risk of developing obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, as well as the negative impact on the possibility of weight loss in patients with obesity as part of therapeutic interventions, is described in detail.

Keywords:sleep disorders; circadian rhythms; obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; insomnia; obesity; insulin resistance

References

1. Ng M., et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014; 384 (9945): 766–81.

2. Ekirch A.R. Sleep we have lost: pre-industrial slumber in the British Isles. Am Hist Rev. 2001; 106 (2): 343–85.

3. Cappuccio F.P. Taggart F.M., Kandala N.-B., et al. Meta-analysis of short sleep duration and obesity in children and adults. Sleep. 2008; 31 (5): 619–26.

4. St-Onge M.P., et al. Short sleep duration increases energy intakes but does not change energy expenditure in normal-weight individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011; 94 (2): 410–6.

5. Jean-Louis G., et al. Associations between inadequate sleep and obesity in the US adult population: analysis of the national health interview survey (1977–2009). BMC Public Health. 2014; 14 (1): 290.

6. Chaput J.P., et al. Sleep duration and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020; 45 (10): S 218–31.

7. Dixon J.B., et al. Daytime sleepiness in the obese: not as simple as obstructive sleep apnea. Obesity. 2007; 15 (10): 2504–11.

8. Pearson N.J., et al. Insomnia, trouble sleeping, and complementary and alternative medicine analysis of the 2002 national health interview survey data. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166 (16): 1775–82.

9. Бердина О.Н., Рычкова Л.В., Мадаева И.М. Нарушения сна и ожирение у подростков: особенности психокогнитивного состояния (обзор литературы) // Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2017. № 2 (5). С. 93–98. [Berdina O.N., Rychkova L.V., Madaeva I.M. Sleep disorders and obesity in adolescents: peculiarities of psycho-cognitive status (literature review). Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2017; 2 (5): 93–8. (in Russian)]

10. Dashti H.S., et al. Short sleep duration and dietary intake: Epidemiologic evidence, mechanisms, and health implications. Adv Nutr. 2015; 6 (6): 648–59.

11. Chaput J.P., Tremblay A. Sleeping habits predict the magnitude of fat loss in adults exposed to moderate caloric restriction. Obes Facts. 2012; 5 (4): 561–6.

12. Zuraikat F.M., et al. Can healthy sleep improve long-term bariatric surgery outcomes? Results of a pilot study and call for further research. Obesity. 2019; 27 (11): 1769–71.

13. Zhu B., et al. Effects of sleep restriction on metabolism-related parameters in healthy adults: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev. 2019; 45: 18–30.

14. Taheri S., et al. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med. 2004; 1: 210–7.

15. Akash M.S.H., Rehman K., Chen S. Role of inflammatory mechanisms in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Cell Biochem. 2013; 114 (3): 525–31.

16. Van Cauter E., Balbo M., Leproult R. Impact of sleep and its disturbances on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Int J Endocrinol. 2010; 2010: 759234.

17. Vgontzas A.N., et al. Adverse effects of modest sleep restriction on sleepiness, performance, and inflammatory cytokines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89 (5): 2119–26.

18. Nedeltcheva A.V., Scheer F.A. Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2014; 21 (4): 293–8.

19. Chong Y., Fryar C.D., Gu Q. Prescription sleep aid use among adults: United States, 2005–2010. In: NCHS Data Brief No. 127. Hyattsville, MD : National Center for Health Statistics, 2013.

20. Kripke D.F., Langer R.D., Kline L.E. Hypnotics’ association with mortality or cancer: a matched cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012; 2 (1): e000850.

21. Koch S., et al. Effectiveness of sleep management strategies for residents of aged care facilities: findings of a systematic review. J Clin Nur. 2006; 15 (10): 1267–75.

22. Tasali E., et al. The effects of extended bedtimes on sleep duration and food desire in overweight young adults: a home-based intervention. Appetite. 2014; 80: 220–4.

23. Chaput J.P., et al. Longer sleep duration associates with lower adiposity gain in adult short sleepers. Int J Obes. 2012; 36 (5): 752–6.

24. Potter G.D.M., et al. Circadian rhythm and sleep disruption: causes, metabolic consequences, and countermeasures. Endocr Rev. 2016; 37 (6): 584–608.

25. Provencio I., et al. Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1998; 395 (RC 191): 224.

26. Chaput J.P., et al. The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023; 19 (2): 82–97.

27. Rodrigues G.D., et al. Obesity and sleep disturbances: the «chicken or the egg» question. Eur J Intern Med. 2021; 92: 11–6.

28. Leproult R., Holmbäck U., Van Cauter E. Circadian misalignment augments markers of insulin resistance and inflammation, independently of sleep loss. Diabetes. 2014; 63 (6): 1860–9.

29. Lin J., et al. Associations of short sleep duration with appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2020; 21 (11): e13051.

30. Scheer F.A.J.L., et al. Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment. Proc Natl Acad Ssi USA. 2009; 106 (11): 4453–8.

31. Balieiro L.C.T., et al. Nutritional status and eating habits of bus drivers during the day and night. Chronobiol Int. 2014; 31 (10): 1123–9.

32. Mota M.C., et al. Dietary patterns, metabolic markers and subjective sleep measures in resident physicians. Chronobiol Int. 2013; 30 (8): 1032–41.

33. Crispim C.A., et al. Adipokine levels are altered by shiftwork: a preliminary study. Chronobiol Int. 2012; 29 (5): 587–94.

34. Padilha H.G., et al. Metabolic responses on the early shift. Chronobiol Int. 2010; 27 (5): 1080–92.

35. Roenneberg T., et al. Social jetlag and obesity. Curr Biol. 2012; 22 (10): 939–43.

36. Mannarino M.R., Di Filippo F., Pirro M. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Eur J Intern Med. 2012; 23 (7): 586–93.

37. Huon L.K.A., Guilleminault C. A succinct history of sleep medicine. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2017; 80: 1–6.

38. Young T., Peppard P.E., Gottlieb D.J. Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 165 (9): 1217–39.

39. Senaratna C.V., et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2017; 34: 70–81.

40. Peppard P.E., et al. Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2013; 177 (9): 1006–14.

41. Horstmann S., et al. Sleepiness-related accidents in sleep apnea patients. Sleep. 2000; 23 (3): 383–9.

42. Knauert M., et al. Clinical consequences and economic costs of untreated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015; 1 (1): 17–27.

43. Aloia M.S., et al. Neuropsychological sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: a critical review. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2004; 10 (5): 772–85.

44. Madkikar N., Pandey S., Ghaisas V. Multi level single stage: barbed reposition pharyngoplasty and nasal surgery in treatment of OSA – our experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019; 71 (3): 309–14.

45. Cavaliere M., Russo F., Iemma M. Awake versus drug-induced sleep endoscopy: evaluation of airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnoea syndrome. Laryngoscope. 2013; 123 (9): 2315–8.

46. Kuvat N., Tanriverdi H., Armutcu F. The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and obesity: a new perspective on the pathogenesis in terms of organ crosstalk. Clin Respir J. 2020; 14 (7): 595–604.

47. Arias M.A., et al. CPAP decreases plasma levels of soluble tumour necrosis factor-α receptor 1 in obstructive sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2008; 32 (4): 1009–15.

48. Pillar G., Shehadeh N. Abdominal fat and sleep apnea: the chicken or the egg? Diabetes Care. 2008; 31 (7): S 303–9.

49. Framnes S.N., Arble D.M. The bidirectional relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018; 9: 440.

50. Ip M.S., et al. Serum leptin and vascular risk factors in obstructive sleep apnea. Chest. 2000; 118 (3): 580–6.

51. Johansson K., et al. Effect of a very low energy diet on moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea in obese men: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2009; 339 (7734): b4609.

52. Grimaldi D., Beccuti G. Association of obstructive sleep apnea in rapid eye movement sleep with reduced glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: therapeutic implications. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37 (2): 355–63.

53. Lallukka T., et al. Associations of relative weight with subsequent changes over time in insomnia symptoms: a follow-up study among middle-aged women and men. Sleep Med. 2012; 13 (10): 1271–9.

All articles in our journal are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0 license)