Exploring the possibilities of 3D body scanning for clinical anthropometry and body composition measurement in persons with a high metabolic risk

• Inna V. Misnikova
• Yulia A. Kovaleva
• Valeriya A. Gubkina
• Elena Yu. Poljakova

Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the possibilities of 3D-scanning for clinical anthropometry and indirect determination of body composition in overweight and obese individuals in comparison with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Material and methods. We examined 32 patients over the age of 45 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m² with two or more metabolic syndrome criteria. We analyzed 3D-scanning data from the control group of 10 apparently healthy people aged 18-30. All patients underwent 3D body scanning using a 3D-scanner with measurement of circumferences, volumes and surfaces of various parts of the body with ratio, and DXA with determination of body composition (lean and fat body mass). Fat mass index (FMI) was calculated to estimate fat mass. We compared the degree of obesity in terms of BMI and FMI, assessed the correlations between DXA and 3D-scan data.

Results. The percentage of obese patients diagnosed by BMI (75%) is higher than by FMI (50.0%). Direct, statistically significant correlations were noted between the indicators measured by DXA and reflecting the amount of adipose tissue (total fat mass, body fat mass, right limb fat mass) and the indicators obtained as a result of 3D-scanning (abdominal, trunk and right thigh volume), as well as abdomen to thigh volume ratio. The appendicular lean mass index, which reflects the composition of muscle mass, directly correlated with the trunk volume.

Conclusion. FMI reflects the degree of obesity more accurately than BMI. 3D body scanning can be used for anthropometric analysis of constitutional features, indirect determination of body composition and assessment of metabolic risks in obese individuals.

Keywords:3D body scan; absorptiometry; body composition

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