Литература
1. Global report on diabetes of WHO. 2016.
2. Tesfaye S., Boulton A.J., Dickenson A.H. Mechanisms and management of diabetic painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathy // Diabetes Care. 2013. Vol. 36. P. 2456-2465.
3. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of Diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complication in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus // N. Engl. J. Med. 1993. Vol. 329. P. 977-986.
4. Maser R.E., Steenkiste A.R., Dorman J.S. et al. Epidemiological correlates of diabetic neuropathy: report from Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study // Diabetes. 1989. Vol. 38, N 11. P. 1456.
5. Wang H., Cui K., Xu K., Xu S. Association between plasma homocysteine and progression of early nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients // Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2015. Vol. 8, N 7. P. 11 174-11 7 80.
6. Li J., Shi M., Zhang H., Yan L. et al. Relation of homocysteine to early nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes // Clin. Nephrol. 2012. Vol. 77, N 4. P 305-310.
7. Brazionis L., Rowley K., Itsiopoulos C., Harper C.A. et al. Homocysteine and Diabetic Retinopathy // Diabetes Care. 2008. Vol. 31, N 1. P. 50-56.
8. Rudy A., Kowalska I., Strqczkowski M., Kinalska I. Homocysteine concentrations and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes // Diabetes Metab. 2005. Vol. 31, N 2. P 112-117.
9. Кичигина О.Н., Голубева Т.И., Трошина И.А., Романова Н.В. Патогенетическое значение гипергомоцистеинемии при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени // Мед. наука и образование Урала. 2015. № 3. С. 179.
10. Obeid R., Herrmann W. Mechanisms of homocysteine neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases with special reference to dementia // FEBS Lett. 2006. Vol. 580, N 13. P 2994-3005.
11. Poddar R., Paul S. Novel crosstalk between ERK MAPK and p38 MAPK leads to homocysteine-NMDA receptor mediated neuronal cell death // J. Neurochem. 2013. Vol. 124, N 4. P 558-570.
12. Skovierova H., Vidomanova E., Mahmood S., Sopkova J. et al. The molecular and cellular effect of homocysteine metabolism imbalance on human health // Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016. Vol. 17, N 10. Article ID e1733.
13. Cao Y., Chai J.G., Chen Y.C., Zhao J. et al. Beneficial effects of danshensu, an active component of salvia miltiorrhiza, on homocysteine metabolism via the trans-sulphuration pathway in rats // Br. J. Pharmacol. 2009. Vol. 157. P. 482-490.
14. Selhub J. Homocysteine metabolism // Ann. Rev. Nutr. 1999. Vol. 19. P. 217-246.
15. Болдырев А.А. Почему токсичен гомоцистеин? // Природа. 2009. № 10 (1130). С. 18-23.
16. Perta-Kajan J., Jakubowski H. Paraoxonase 1 and homocysteine metabolism // Amino Acids. 2012. Vol. 43. P 1405-1417.
17. England J.D., Gronseth G.S., Franklin G., Carter G.T. et al.; American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter: evaluation of distal symmetric polyneuropathy: role of laboratory and genetic testing (an evidence-based review). Report of the American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation // Neurology. 2009. Vol. 72. P 177-184.
18. Ting R.Z., Szeto C.C., Chan M.H., Ma K.K. et al. Risk factors of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients receiving metformin // Arch. Intern. Med. 2006. Vol. 166. P. 1975-1979.
19. Aroda V.R., Edelstein S.L., Goldberg R.B. et al.; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study // J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2016. Vol. 101. P 1754-1761.
20. Berchtold P., Bolli P., Arbenz U., Keiser G. Disturbance of intestinal absorption following metformin therapy (observations on the mode of action of biguanides) // Diabetologia. 1969. Vol. 5. P 405-412.
21. Buvat D.R. Use of metformin is a cause of vitamin B12 deficiency // Am. Fam. Physician. 2004. Vol. 69. P 264.
22. American Diabetes Association. 8. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment // Diabetes Care. 2017. Vol. 40, N 1. P 64-74.
23. Turner L.W., Nartey D., Stafford R.S., Singh S. et al. Ambulatory treatment of type 2 diabetes in the U.S., 1997-2012 // Diabetes Care. 2014. Vol. 37, N 4. P 985-992.
24. Nathan D.M., Buse J.B., Davidson M.B., Heine R.J. et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes // Diabetes Care. 2006. Vol. 29. P 1963-1972.
25. Zalaket J., Wehbe T., Jaoude E. Vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic subjects taking metformin: a cross sectional study in a Lebanese cohort // J. Nutr. Intermediary Metab. 2018. Vol. 11. P 9-13.
26. Wile D.J., Toth C. Association of metformin, elevated homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid levels and clinically worsened diabetic peripheral neuropathy // Diabetes Care. 2010. Vol. 33, N 1. P 156-161.
27. Roy R.P., Ghosh K., Ghosh M., Acharyya A. et al. Study of vitamin B 12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in metformin-treated early type 2 diabetes mellitus // Indian J. Endocr. Metab. 2016. Vol. 20. P 631637.
28. Sahin M., Tutuncu N.B., Ertugrul D., Tanaci N. et al. Effects of metformin or rosiglitazone on serum concentrations of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus // J. Diabetes Complications. 2007. Vol. 21. P 118-123.
29. Pop-Busui R., Sima A., Stevens M. Diabetic neuropathy and oxidative stress // Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2006. Vol. 22, N 4. P 257-273.
30. Аметов А.С., Камынина Л.Л., Рождественская О.А., Пашкова Е.Ю. Положительные метаболические и антиоксидантные свойства тестостерон-заместительной терапии при сочетании сахарного диабета типа 2 и гипогонадизма // Эндокринология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2016. № 3. С. 83-93.
31. Jacobsen D.W. Hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress // Ar-terioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000. Vol. 20. P 1182-1184.
32. Weiss N., Zhang Y.Y., Heydrick S., Bierl C. et al. Overexpression of cellular glutathione peroxidase rescues homocyst(e)ine-induced endothelial dysfunction // Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2001. Vol. 98, N 22. P 12 503-12 508.
33. Creager M.A., Luscher T.F., Cosentino F., Beckman J.A. Diabetes and vascular disease: Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I // Circulation. 2003. Vol. 108. P 1527-1532.
34. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications // Nature. 2001. Vol. 414, N 6865. P 813-820.
35. Malik R.A., Tesfaye S., Thompson S.D., Veves A. et al. Endoneurial localisation of microvascular damage in human diabetic neuropathy // Diabetologia. 1993. Vol. 36. P 454-459.
36. Malik R.A., Newrick P.G., Sharma A.K., Jennings A. et al. Microangiopathy in human diabetic neuropathy: relationship between capillary abnormalities and the severity of neuropathy // Diabetologia. 1989. Vol. 32, N 2. P. 92-102.
37. Cameron N.E., Eaton S.E., Cotter M.A., Tesfaye S. Vascular factors and metabolic interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy // Diabetologia. 2001. Vol. 44. P. 1973-1988.
38. Tuck R.R., Schmelzer J.D., Low P.A. Endoneurial blood flow and oxygen tension in the sciatic nerves of rats with experimental diabetic neuropathy // Brain. 1984. Vol. 107, N 3. P. 935-950.
39. Yagihashi S., Mizukami H., Sugimoto K. Mechanism of diabetic neuropathy: where are we now and where to go? // J. Diabetes Investig. 2011. Vol. 2, N 1. P. 18-32.
40. Недосугова Л.В. Диабетическая полинейропатия и окислительный стресс. Патогенез, диагностика, лечение : учебное пособие. М., 2015. С. 54-55.
41. Schreiber A.K., Nones C., Reis R.C., Chichorro J.G. et al. Diabetic neuropathic pain: physiopathology and treatment // World J. Diabetes. 2015. Vol. 6, N 3. P 432-444.
42. Jelicic Kadic A., Boric M., Vidak M., Ferhatovic L. et al. Changes in epidermal thickness and cutaneous innervation during maturation in longterm diabetes // J. Tissue Viability. 2014. Vol. 23. P 7-12.
43. Feletou M. The Endothelium: Part 1: Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells - Focus on Endothelium-Derived Vasoactive. San Rafael, CA : Mediators Morgan and Claypool Life Sciences, 2011.
44. Chhabra N. Endothelial dysfunction - a predictor of atherosclerosis // Internet J. Med. Update. 2009. Vol. 4, N 1. P 33-41.
45. Strijdom H., Lochner A. Cardiac endothelium: more than just a barrier! // SA Heart. 2009. Vol. 6, N 3. P 174-185.
46. Mudau M., Genis A., Lochner A., Strijdom H. Endothelial dysfunction: the early predictor of atherosclerosis // Cardiovasc. J. Afr. 2012. Vol. 23, N 4. P. 222-231.
47. Strijdom H. Endothelial dysfunction: are we ready to heed the vasculature’s early-warning signal? // Cardiovasc J. Afr. 2012. Vol. 23, N 4. P. 184-185.
48. Sena C.M., Pereira A.M., Seiga R. Endothelial dysfunction - a major mediator of diabetic vascular disease // Biochim. Biophys. Acta.
2013. Vol. 1832, N 12. P. 2216-2231.
49. Park K.H., Park W.J. Endothelial dysfunction: clinical implications in cardiovascular disease and therapeutic approaches // J. Korean Med. Sci. 2015. Vol. 30, N 9. P 1213-1225.
50. Widmer R.J., Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease // Glob. Cardiol. Sci. Pract. 2014. Vol. 3. P 291-308.
51. Pushpakumar S., Kundu S., Sen U. Endothelial dysfunction: the link between homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide // Curr. Med. Chem.
2014. Vol. 21, N 32. P. 3662-3672.
52. Tyagi N., Sedoris K.C., Steed M., Ovechkin A.V. et al. Mechanisms of homocysteine-induced oxidative stress // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2005. Vol. 289, N 6. P. 2649-2656.
53. Woo K.S., Chook P., Lolin Y.I., Cheung A.S. et al. Hyperhomocyst(e) inemia is a risk factor for arterial endothelial dysfunction in humans // Circulation. 1997. Vol. 96. P 2542-2544.
54. Tawakol A., Omland T., Gerhard M., Wu J.T. et al. Hyperhomocyst(e) inemia is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans // Circulation. 1997. Vol. 95. P 1119-1121.
55. Bellamy M.F., McDowell I.F., Ramsey M.W., Brownlee M. et al. Hyper-homocysteinemia after an oral methionine load acutely impairs endothelial function in healthy adults // Circulation. 1998. Vol. 98. P 1848-1852.
56. Chambers J.C, Obeid O.A., Kooner J.S. Physiological increments in plasma homocysteine induce vascular endothelial dysfunction in normal human subjects // Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1999. Vol. 19. P 29222927.
References
1. Global report on diabetes of WHO. 2016.
2. Tesfaye S., Boulton A.J., Dickenson A.H. Mechanisms and management of diabetic painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36: 2456-65.
3. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of Diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complication in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329: 977-86.
4. Maser R.E., Steenkiste A.R., Dorman J.S., et al. Epidemiological correlates of diabetic neuropathy: report from Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes. 1989; 38 (11): 1456.
5. Wang H., Cui K., Xu K., Xu S. Association between plasma homocysteine and progression of early nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 8 (7): 11 174-80.
6. Li J., Shi M., Zhang H., Yan L., et al. Relation of homocysteine to early nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Nephrol. 2012; 77 (4): 305-10.
7. Brazionis L., Rowley K., Itsiopoulos C., Harper C.A., et al. Homocysteine and Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31 (1): 50-6.
8. Rudy A., Kowalska I., Str^czkowski M., Kinalska I. Homocysteine concentrations and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2005; 31 (2): 112-7.
9. Kichigina O.N., Golubeva T.I., Troshina I.A., Romanova N.V. Homo-cysteinemia pathogenic role in patients with NAFLD. Meditsinskaya nauka i obrazovanie Urala [Medical Science and Education of the Urals]. 2015; (3): 179. (in Russian)
10. Obeid R., Herrmann W. Mechanisms of homocysteine neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases with special reference to dementia. FEBS Lett. 2006; 580 (13): 2994-3005.
11. Poddar R., Paul S. Novel crosstalk between ERK MAPK and p38 MAPK leads to homocysteine-NMDA receptor mediated neuronal cell death. J Neurochem. 2013; 124 (4): 558-70.
12. Skovierova H., Vidomanova E., Mahmood S., Sopkova J., et al. The molecular and cellular effect of homocysteine metabolism imbalance on human health. Int J Mol Sci. 2016; 17 (10): e1733.
13. Cao Y., Chai J.G., Chen Y.C., Zhao J., et al. Beneficial effects of danshensu, an active component of salvia miltiorrhiza, on homocysteine metabolism via the trans-sulphuration pathway in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2009; 157: 482-90.
14. Selhub J. Homocysteine metabolism. Ann Rev Nutr. 1999; 19: 217-46.
15. Boldyrev A.A. Why is homocysteine toxic? Priroda [Nature]. 2009; (10): 18-23. (in Russian)
16. Perta-Kajan J., Jakubowski H. Paraoxonase 1 and homocysteine metabolism. Amino Acids. 2012; 43: 1405-17.
17. England J.D., Gronseth G.S., Franklin G., Carter G.T., et al.; American Academy of Neurology. Practice parameter: evaluation of distal symmetric polyneuropathy: role of laboratory and genetic testing (an evidence-based review). Report of the American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Neurology. 2009; 72: 177-84.
18. Ting R.Z., Szeto C.C., Chan M.H., Ma K.K., et al. Risk factors of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients receiving metformin. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166: 1975-9.
19. Aroda V.R., Edelstein S.L., Goldberg R.B., et al.; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101: 1754-61.
20. Berchtold P., Bolli P., Arbenz U., Keiser G. Disturbance of intestinal absorption following metformin therapy (observations on the mode of action of biguanides). Diabetologia. 1969; 5: 405-12.
21. Buvat D.R. Use of metformin is a cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. Am Fam Physician. 2004; 69: 264.
22. American Diabetes Association. 8. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment. Diabetes Care. 2017; 40 (1): 64-74.
23. Turner L.W., Nartey D., Stafford R.S., Singh S., et al. Ambulatory treatment of type 2 diabetes in the U.S., 1997-2012. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37 (4): 985-92.
24. Nathan D.M., Buse J.B., Davidson M.B., Heine R.J., et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29: 1963-72.
25. Zalaket J., Wehbe T., Jaoude E. Vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic subjects taking metformin: a cross sectional study in a Lebanese cohort. J Nutr Intermediary Metab. 2018; 11: 9-13.
26. Wile D.J., Toth C. Association of metformin, elevated homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid levels and clinically worsened diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33 (1): 156-61.
27. Roy R.P., Ghosh K., Ghosh M., Acharyya A., et al. Study of vitamin B 12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in metformin-treated early type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocr Metab. 2016; 20: 631-7.
28. Sahin M., Tutuncu N.B., Ertugrul D., Tanaci N., et al. Effects of metformin or rosiglitazone on serum concentrations of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications. 2007; 21: 118-23.
29. Pop-Busui R., Sima A., Stevens M. Diabetic neuropathy and oxidative stress. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2006; 22 (4): 257-73.
30. Ametov A.S., Kamynina L.L., Rozhdestvenskaya O.A., Pashkova E.Yu. The positive metabolic and antioxidative properties of the testosterone replacement therapy at the combination of the type 2 diabetes mellitus and the hypogonadism. Endokrinologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Endocrinology: News, Opinions, Training]. 2016; (3): 83-93. (in Russian)
31. Jacobsen D.W. Hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress. Arte-rioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000; 20: 1182-4.
32. Weiss N., Zhang Y.Y., Heydrick S., Bierl C., et al. Overexpression of cellular glutathione peroxidase rescues homocyst(e)ine-induced endothelial dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001; 98 (22): 12 503-8.
33. Creager M.A., Luscher T.F., Cosentino F., Beckman J.A. Diabetes and vascular disease: Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I. Circulation. 2003; 108: 1527-32.
34. Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature. 2001; 414 (6865): 813-20.
35. Malik R.A., Tesfaye S., Thompson S.D., Veves A., et al. Endoneu-rial localisation of microvascular damage in human diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia. 1993; 36: 454-9.
36. Malik R.A., Newrick P.G., Sharma A.K., Jennings A., et al. Microangiopathy in human diabetic neuropathy: relationship between capillary abnormalities and the severity of neuropathy. Diabetologia. 1989; 32 (2): 92-102.
37. Cameron N.E., Eaton S.E., Cotter M.A., Tesfaye S. Vascular factors and metabolic interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia. 2001; 44: 1973-88.
38. Tuck R.R., Schmelzer J.D., Low P.A. Endoneurial blood flow and oxygen tension in the sciatic nerves of rats with experimental diabetic neuropathy. Brain. 1984; 107 (3): 935-50.
39. Yagihashi S., Mizukami H., Sugimoto K. Mechanism of diabetic neuropathy: where are we now and where to go? J Diabetes Investig. 2011; 2 (1): 18-32.
40. Nedosugova L.V. Diabetic polyneuropathy and oxidative stress. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment: tutorial. Moscow; 2015: 54-5. (in Russian)
41. Schreiber A.K., Nones C., Reis R.C., Chichorro J.G., et al. Diabetic neuropathic pain: physiopathology and treatment. World J Diabetes. 2015; 6 (3): 432-44.
42. Jelicic Kadic A., Boric M., Vidak M., Ferhatovic L., et al. Changes in epidermal thickness and cutaneous innervation during maturation in long-term diabetes. J Tissue Viability. 2014; 23: 7-12.
43. Feletou M. The Endothelium: Part 1: multiple functions of the endothelial cells focus on endothelium-derived vasoactive. San Rafael, CA: Mediators Morgan and Claypool Life Sciences, 2011.
44. Chhabra N. Endothelial dysfunction - a predictor of atherosclerosis. Internet J Med Update. 2009; 4 (1): 33-41.
45. Strijdom H., Lochner A. Cardiac endothelium: more than just a barrier! SA Heart. 2009; 6 (3): 174-85.
46. Mudau M., Genis A., Lochner A., Strijdom H. Endothelial dysfunction: the early predictor of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012; 23 (4): 222-31.
47. Strijdom H. Endothelial dysfunction: are we ready to heed the vasculature’s early-warning signal? Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012; 23 (4): 184-5.
48. Sena C.M., Pereira A.M., Seiga R. Endothelial dysfunction a major mediator of diabetic vascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013; 1832 (12): 2216-31.
49. Park K.H., Park W.J. Endothelial dysfunction: clinical implications in cardiovascular disease and therapeutic approaches. J Korean Med Sci. 2015; 30 (9): 1213-25.
50. Widmer R.J., Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2014; 3: 291-308.
51. Pushpakumar S., Kundu S., Sen U. Endothelial dysfunction: the link between homocysteine and hydrogen sulfide. Curr Med Chem. 2014; 21 (32): 3662-72.
52. Tyagi N., Sedoris K.C., Steed M., Ovechkin A.V., et al. Mechanisms of homocysteine-induced oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005; 289 (6): 2649-56.
53. Woo K.S., Chook P., Lolin Y.I., Cheung A.S., et al. Hyperhomocyst(e) inemia is a risk factor for arterial endothelial dysfunction in humans. Circulation. 1997; 96: 2542-4.
54. Tawakol A., Omland T., Gerhard M., Wu J.T., et al. Hyperhomocyst(e) inemia is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in humans. Circulation. 1997; 95: 1119-21.
55. Bellamy M.F., McDowell I.F., Ramsey M.W., Brownlee M., et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia after an oral methionine load acutely impairs endothelial function in healthy adults. Circulation. 1998; 98: 1848-52.
56. Chambers J.C, Obeid O.A., Kooner J.S. Physiological increments in plasma homocysteine induce vascular endothelial dysfunction in normal human subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999; 19: 2922-7.